West Nile Virus (WNV), a neurotropic flavivirus spread by Culex mosquitoes, is explored in this article for its structural biology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic innovations. The ~50 nm virion features a pseudo-icosahedral envelope and a ~11 kb RNA genome, with E protein flexibility aiding immune escape and NS1 enhancing vascular permeability (Nature, 2023; Cell Reports, 2024). Climate change boosts outbreak risks with >200 thermal degree-days (Lancet Planetary Health, 2024). Discover cutting-edge vaccine trials like ChimeriVax-WN02 and mRNA solutions (J Infect Dis, 2024), plus abinScience’s diagnostic tools with 95-98% specificity, perfect for 2025 virology research.